Paul Marr: The geography of the British motorcycle industry, 1896–2004 The historical geography of the British motorcycle industry (its distribution over time and the rate at which motorcycle marques entered and exited) shows two major agglomerations or clusters (West Midlands and Greater London) to have been the driving force behind the industry. Motorcycle marque exits from the industry (shakeout) had a net positive effect on the West Midlands and a net negative effect on the Greater London area. Spinoff of new companies was primarily an internal process in the West Midlands and an external process in the Greater London area. The high level of spatial concentration, the rapid rate of technology diffusion, and large number of spinoff firms helped the British motorcycle industry maintain a wide variety of marques over a long  time. However, each successive shakeout period resulted in an industry that was increasingly innovation-averse and stagnant, eventually ending in its near total collapse. Key words: Britain, motorcycles, spatial agglomeration. Alexander Medcalf: ‘We are always learning’: marketing the Great Western Railway, 1921–39 This paper examines the Great Western Railway’s (hereafter GWR) interwar marketing strategy. Using the company’s promotional photographs, a collection of sources overlooked by historians, it argues for the GWR’s developed attitude to customers. The company’s photography was never merely illustrative or secondary to more commonly analysed pictorial posters; the taking and publication of photographs was closely supervised by individuals with a developing approach to marketing.  It argues, however, that this qualitative analysis can be supplemented and corroborated with information on the production context – rare written glimpses of corporate strategy. It therefore forwards an enhanced methodology for exploring the railways’ abundant visual marketing. The resultant ‘picturing process’, which made full use of passenger scrutiny, highlights that the GWR developed its own approach to what is now termed ‘marketing’.   Key words: railway, marketing, photography, interwar, Britain Sarah Frohardt-Lane: Close encounters: interracial contact and conflict on Detroit’s public transit in World War II In the USA’s urban north, most blacks and whites lived and worked in racially segregated spaces during World War II. Public transit vehicles provided sites of interracial contact between these segregated realms. The Detroit case shows that under crowded wartime conditions contact between blacks and whites on public transit exacerbated existing racial tensions. As black passengers and vehicle operators became a more visible presence during the war, many white Detroiters acted upon their fears of losing spatial control of public transit vehicles. Using police reports of daily incidents, newspapers, letters, and rumours, the paper explores white riders’ attempts to thwart blacks’ claims to equal access on public transportation.Key words: Public transit, race, Detroit, World War II. Chandra Bhimull: Caribbean Airways, 1930–32: a notable failure In the summer of 1930, Caribbean Airways was founded in colonial Jamaica. A new business in a nascent industry and one of the first airlines in the British West Indies, it suffered a curious demise. In an attempt to save this groundbreaking enterprise, government officials in Jamaica asked the imperial government in Britain to bail out the colonial airline. This essay examines the inception, imagined possibilities, persistence, and forced failure of Caribbean Airways. It explores how people in the Caribbean advanced airline travel and reveals how entrepreneurs in this seemingly peripheral place helped forge lasting networks of trans-Atlantic mobility. The article concludes by considering how the story of Caribbean Airways refines narratives about the formation of international alliances and the limits of colonial allegiance.   Key words: aviation; Americanization; Caribbean Airways; colonialism; failure; transatlantic Surveys and speculations Samuel Merrill: Looking forward to the past: London Underground’s 150th anniversary Carlos López Galvis and Dhan Zunino Singh: The dialectics of circulation and congestion in history Exhibition and museum review Di Drummond: The Riverside Museum of Transport and Travel, Glasgow Book reviews Ted Conover, The Routes of Man: Travels in the Paved World (Massimo Moraglio) Gülpınar Akbulut, Siyasi Cogˇrafya Açısından Türkiye’de Demiryolu Ulas ¸ımı [Railway Transport in Turkey from a Political Geography Perspective] (Darina Martykánová) Anthony Heywood, Engineer of Revolutionary Russia: Iurii V. Lomonosov (1876–1952) and the Railways (Albert J. Churella) Miguel Muñoz Rubio (ed.), Organizaciones obreras y represión en el ferrocarril: una perspectiva internacional [Labour Organisations and Repression on the Railroad: an International Perspective] (Andrea Giuntini) Volker Ebert, Korporatismus zwischen Bonn und Brüssel. Die Beteiligung deutscher Unternehmensverbände an der Güterverkehrspolitik, 1957–72 [Corporatism between Bonn and Brussels: the Participation of German Business Associations in Transport Policy, 1957–72] (Sigfrido Ramírez Pérez) Christopher Neumaier, Dieselautos in Deutschland und den USA [Diesel Cars in Germany and the USA], Stuttgart, 2010 (Sigfrido Ramírez Pérez) Stefan Brauckmann, Eisenbahnkulturlandschaft. Erlebbarkeit und Potentiale [Cultural Landscape of Railways: Perceptibility and Potential] (Ralf Roth) Peter Braine, The Railway Moon: Some Aspects of the Life of Richard Moon 1814–1899, Chairman of the London & North Western Railway 1861–1891 (Ralf Roth) Mathieu Flonneau, L’autorefoulement et ses limites [Car Repression and its Limits], & Mathieu Flonneau and Arnaud Passalacqua, Utilités de l’Utilitaire [The Utility of Light Duty Vehicles] (Nathalie Roseau)